![]() ![]() Because of its very small particles, clay feels smooth to touch. On the basis of their sizes, the rock particles present in soil can be divided mainly into four groups: Clay, Silt, Sand and Gravel.ġ) The smallest rock particles present in soil form clay. The rock particles present in soil are of different sizes and chemical compositions. The soil is made up of six components: Rock particles (of different sizes), Minerals, Humus (Organic matter), Air, Water and Living organisms. Sub-stratum is made up of small lumps of broken rocks (or stones) formed by the partial weathering of bed-rock (or parent rock).īelow the C-horizon we have unweathered solid rock called bed-rock (or parent rock).It is this bed-rock (or parent rock) which has produced the soil over a long period of time. The layer of soil which is just below the sub-soil is called C-horizon. Due to this, sub-soil is much less fertile as compared to the top-soil. The sub-soil has very little humus (decayed organic matter). The roots of some of the trees are, however, able to reach sub-soil. The sub-soil contains very little living organisms. Sub-soil is also lighter in colour than the top-soil. It is somewhat harder and more compact than the top-soil. The sub-soil is made up of slightly bigger rock particles than that of top-soil. The layer of soil which is just below the top-soil is called B-horizon. The nature of any soil depends on the rocks from which it has been formed and the type of vegetation that grows in it. These tiny rock particles then mix up with humus to form fertile soil. In weathering, rocks are broken down very slowly by the action of sun’s heat, wind, rain, flowing river water, etc. Soil is formed from rocks by the process of weathering. Humus contains nutrients (like nitrogen and phosphorus, etc,) which are needed by the plants for their growth. The organic matter formed by the decomposition of dead plants and animals by the micro-organisms (like certain bacteria and fungi) is called humus. The process by which huge rocks are broken down into small particles by the action of sun’s heat, wind, rain and flowing river water, etc. (5) Soil is used to make earthenware or pottery (such as matkas, surahis, etc.), crockery (cups and plates), toys and statues, etc. (4) Soil is used to make bricks and mortar for building houses. Soil is also used to grow mulberry trees for rearing silkworms which provide us silk for making silk clothes. (3) Soil is used to grow cotton plants which give us cotton clothes. (2) Soil is used to grow trees for obtaining wood for building purposes (timber), for burning as fuel (firewood) and for making paper. It is the hard layer in all horizon.ĥ) Give information about sub soil and rock fragment layer. It is situated under the rock fragment layer. īed rock layer is the bottom layer of soil profile. Rock fragments layer is also known as parent material layer because the upper layer is made from this layer.This layer is located below the sub soil layer. The shrubs and bushes like wise middle sized plants roots reaches the sub soil layer. ![]() Sub soil horizon is present just under the top soil horizon. It is the home of some living organism i.e rodents ,moles etc. Some small plants roots are submerge in top soil that’s way it’s easily extirpate. It is the mixture of sand, pebbles ,clay ,etc. It contain good amount of organic material. Top soil layer is usually present under humus. Some small creatures get there shelter from humus like worms ,beetles ,etc. The all materials is decomposed and from spongy and soft layer rich in nutrients and promotes plants growth. It is form in soil because of decayed material of plants and animals i.e falling leaves, animal faeces ,death animal ,drop twigs of plants ,etc. Humus is dark brown and black organic material which form the top most layer of soil. i.e humus, top soil ,sub soil ,rock fragments and bedrock. The layers we see in soil profile is called horizons. The soil profile is the vertical section of soil which shows different layers of soil. The soil form by different layers and this layer is studied by using soil profile. It is helpful for the survival of living organism. ![]() Soil is the natural resources and are the complex mixture of minerals, gases and liquid. Did u all know, what’s soil mean ?From where soil comes? How soil form? ’’The soil is the skin of our earth” Yes As the forms the surface of land and make up the top layer of earth surface. ![]()
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